Abstract：To optimize the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC）systems and enhance

fuel utilization，a calculation model for fuel utilization based on internal resistance characteristics was established.

The effects of operating conditions—specifically，operating temperature and humidity—on internal resistance and

fuel utilization were analyzed. The relationship between the equivalent direct current（DC）total internal resistance

and fuel utilization was investigated. By taking the minimization of the equivalent DC internal resistance as the

optimization objective，operating conditions were adjusted to reduce total resistance and improve fuel utilization.

The validity and reliability of the proposed model were verified through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

（EIS）and UI output characteristic experiments. The results indicate that temperature has a more significant impact

on fuel utilization compared to humidity. Fuel utilization increases with rising output current density. Under

optimized operating conditions—specifically，at an output voltage of 12.4 V and a hydrogen flow rate of 18.4 L/min—the fuel utilization is improved by up to 11.13%，and the total internal resistance is reduced by 1.5 Ω·cm².

        Key words：proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC）；operating conditions；fuel utilization；internal

resistance characteristic

     Format Citation:周唯逸，娄成宇，卫东,等. 基于内阻特性的燃料电池燃料利用率建模与分析[J].电气传动,2026,56(07):74-80,90. ZHOU Weiyi，LOU Chengyu，WEI Dong，LIU Yichao,et al. Modeling and analysis of fuel cell fuel utilization efficiency based on internal resistance characteristics [J].Electric Drive, 2026,56(07):74-80,90