Abstract: To reduce the energy cost and carbon emissions due to the large-scale farming，an optimal scheduling method for integrated energy systems（IES）in low-carbon farm considering thermal dynamic characteristics of the livestock houses was proposed. First，the mathematical models of the integrated energy systems in a low-carbon farm were formulated from the perspective of "source-network-load"，and the nonlinear models were linearized by certain mathematical methods to speed up the solving process. Second，the thermal dynamics of the livestock house with controllable indoor radiators was modeled to explore the flexibility of the heating loads of the livestock during the winter time in Northern China. Based on this model，the water flow rates in the radiators can be adjusted dynamically while the indoor temperatures are maintained within the comfort range. In this way，the heating loads of the livestock can be involved in the optimal scheduling of the integrated energy systems. Then，the optimal scheduling model of the integrated energy systems in a low-carbon farm was developed with the minimization of its operational cost as the objective. Numerical studies show that the proposed method can make full use of the biogas to supply electricity and heating loads in the low-carbon farm. Furthermore，the operational cost of the low-carbon farm can be further reduced by exploring the flexibility of the heating loads of the livestock.

      Key words: low-carbon farm；integrated energy systems（IES）；optimal scheduling；radiator；flexibility